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//usr/share/doc/git/git-init.html

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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-init(1) Manual Page</h1>
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-init - Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><code>git</code> <code>init</code> [<code>-q</code> | <code>--quiet</code>] [<code>--bare</code>] [<code>--template=</code><em>&lt;template-directory&gt;</em>]
	 [<code>--separate-git-dir</code> <em>&lt;git-dir&gt;</em>] [<code>--object-format=</code><em>&lt;format&gt;</em>]
	 [<code>--ref-format=</code><em>&lt;format&gt;</em>]
	 [<code>-b</code> <em>&lt;branch-name&gt;</em> | <code>--initial-branch=</code><em>&lt;branch-name&gt;</em>]
	 [<code>--shared</code>[<code>=</code><em>&lt;permissions&gt;</em>]] [<em>&lt;directory&gt;</em>]</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This command creates an empty Git repository - basically a .<code>git</code>
directory with subdirectories for <code>objects</code>, <code>refs/heads</code>,
<code>refs/tags</code>, and template files.  An initial branch without any
commits will be created (see the <code>--initial-branch</code> option below
for its name).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If the <code>GIT_DIR</code> environment variable is set then it specifies a path
to use instead of .<code>/.git</code> for the base of the repository.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If the object storage directory is specified via the
<code>GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY</code> environment variable then the sha1 directories
are created underneath; otherwise, the default <code>$GIT_DIR/objects</code>
directory is used.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Running <code>git</code> <code>init</code> in an existing repository is safe. It will not
overwrite things that are already there. The primary reason for
rerunning <code>git</code> <code>init</code> is to pick up newly added templates (or to move
the repository to another place if <code>--separate-git-dir</code> is given).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-q</code></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--quiet</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Only print error and warning messages; all other output will be suppressed.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--bare</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Create a bare repository. If <code>GIT_DIR</code> environment is not set, it is set to the
current working directory.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--object-format=</code><em>&lt;format&gt;</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the given object <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> (hash algorithm) for the repository.  The valid
values are <code>sha1</code> and (if enabled) <code>sha256</code>.  <code>sha1</code> is the default.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note: At present, there is no interoperability between SHA-256
repositories and SHA-1 repositories.</p>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Historically, we warned that SHA-256 repositories may later need
backward incompatible changes when we introduce such interoperability
features. Today, we only expect compatible changes. Furthermore, if such
changes prove to be necessary, it can be expected that SHA-256 repositories
created with today&#8217;s Git will be usable by future versions of Git
without data loss.</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ref-format=</code><em>&lt;format&gt;</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the given ref storage <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> for the repository. The valid values are:</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>files</code> for loose files with packed-refs. This is the default.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>reftable</code> for the reftable format. This format is experimental and its
internals are subject to change.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--template=</code><em>&lt;template-directory&gt;</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the directory from which templates will be used.  (See the "TEMPLATE
DIRECTORY" section below.)</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--separate-git-dir=</code><em>&lt;git-dir&gt;</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Instead of initializing the repository as a directory to either <code>$GIT_DIR</code> or
.<code>/.git/</code>, create a text file there containing the path to the actual
repository.  This file acts as a filesystem-agnostic Git symbolic link to the
repository.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If this is a reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified path.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-b</code> <em>&lt;branch-name&gt;</em></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--initial-branch=</code><em>&lt;branch-name&gt;</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Use <em>&lt;branch-name&gt;</em> for the initial branch in the newly created
repository.  If not specified, fall back to the default name
(currently <code>master</code>, but this will change to <code>main</code> when Git 3.0 is released).
The default name can be customized via the <code>init.defaultBranch</code> configuration
variable.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--shared</code>[<code>=</code>(<code>false</code>|<code>true</code>|<code>umask</code>|<code>group</code>|<code>all</code>|<code>world</code>|<code>everybody</code>|<em>&lt;perm&gt;</em>)]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify that the Git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
allows users belonging to the same group to push into that
repository.  When specified, the config variable <code>core.sharedRepository</code> is
set so that files and directories under <code>$GIT_DIR</code> are created with the
requested permissions.  When not specified, Git will use permissions reported
by <code>umask</code>(2).</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The option can have the following values, defaulting to <code>group</code> if no value
is given:</p>
</div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>umask</code></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>false</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Use permissions reported by <code>umask</code>(2). The default, when <code>--shared</code> is not
specified.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>group</code></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>true</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Make the repository group-writable, (and <code>g+sx</code>, since the git group may not be
the primary group of all users). This is used to loosen the permissions of an
otherwise safe <code>umask</code>(2) value. Note that the umask still applies to the other
permission bits (e.g. if umask is <code>0022</code>, using <code>group</code> will not remove read
privileges from other (non-group) users). See <code>0xxx</code> for how to exactly specify
the repository permissions.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>all</code></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>world</code></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>everybody</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Same as <code>group</code>, but make the repository readable by all users.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>&lt;perm&gt;</em></dt>
<dd>
<p><em>&lt;perm&gt;</em> is a 3-digit octal number prefixed with <code>0</code> and each file
will have mode <em>&lt;perm&gt;</em>. <em>&lt;perm&gt;</em> will override users' <code>umask</code>(2)
value (and not only loosen permissions as <code>group</code> and <code>all</code>
do). <code>0640</code> will create a repository which is group-readable, but
not group-writable or accessible to others. <code>0660</code> will create a repo
that is readable and writable to the current user and group, but
inaccessible to others (directories and executable files get their
<code>x</code> bit from the <code>r</code> bit for corresponding classes of users).</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By default, the configuration flag <code>receive.denyNonFastForwards</code> is enabled
in shared repositories, so that you cannot force a non fast-forwarding push
into it.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you provide a <em>&lt;directory&gt;</em>, the command is run inside it. If this directory
does not exist, it will be created.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_template_directory">TEMPLATE DIRECTORY</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Files and directories in the template directory whose name do not start with a
dot will be copied to the <code>$GIT_DIR</code> after it is created.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The template directory will be one of the following (in order):</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>the argument given with the <code>--template</code> option;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>the contents of the <code>$GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR</code> environment variable;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>the <code>init.templateDir</code> configuration variable; or</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>the default template directory: <code>/usr/share/git-core/templates</code>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The default template directory includes some directory structure, suggested
"exclude patterns" (see <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>), and sample hook files.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The sample hooks are all disabled by default. To enable one of the
sample hooks rename it by removing its .<code>sample</code> suffix.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more general info on hook execution.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">Start a new Git repository for an existing code base</dt>
<dd>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ cd /path/to/my/codebase
$ git init      <b class="conum">(1)</b>
$ git add .     <b class="conum">(2)</b>
$ git commit    <b class="conum">(3)</b></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="colist arabic">
<ol>
<li>
<p>Create a <code>/path/to/my/codebase/.git</code> directory.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Add all existing files to the index.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Record the pristine state as the first commit in the history.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included
from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same
as what&#8217;s found there:</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>init.templateDir</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the directory from which templates will be copied. </p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>init.defaultBranch</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Allows overriding the default branch name e.g. when initializing
a new repository.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>init.defaultObjectFormat</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Allows overriding the default object format for new repositories. See
<code>--object-format=</code> in <a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a>. Both the command line option
and the <code>GIT_DEFAULT_HASH</code> environment variable take precedence over
this config.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>init.defaultRefFormat</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Allows overriding the default ref storage format for new repositories.
See <code>--ref-format=</code> in <a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a>. Both the command line
option and the <code>GIT_DEFAULT_REF_FORMAT</code> environment variable take
precedence over this config.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
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<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2025-11-17 16:38:17 UTC
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